\n\u91d1\u5c5e\u76d0\u7c7b<\/td>\n | LiCl\u3001NaI\u3001ZnCl\u2082<\/td>\n | \u5f71\u54cd\u7535\u8377\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u53cd\u5e94\u8def\u5f84<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a9\u5242\u867d\u7136\u5404\u81ea\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e0eDBU\u82c4\u57fa\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u76d0\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u559c\u7684\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n \n\u56db\u3001\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u201c1+1=2\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c1+1=3\u201d<\/h3>\n\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u51e0\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u6765\u770b\u770bDBU\u82c4\u57fa\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u76d0\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u52a9\u5242\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u5316\u5b66\u7231\u60c5\u6545\u4e8b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n 1. Michael\u52a0\u6210\u4e2d\u7684CTAB\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94<\/h4>\n\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7684Michael\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0cDBU\u82c4\u57fa\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u76d0\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u78b1\u548c\u76f8\u8f6c\u79fb\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u5165\u5c11\u91cf\u7684CTAB\uff08\u5341\u516d\u70f7\u57fa\u4e09\u7532\u57fa\u6eb4\u5316\u94f5\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u6761\u4ef6<\/th>\n | \u8f6c\u5316\u7387 (%)<\/th>\n | \u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4 (h)<\/th>\n | \u526f\u4ea7\u7269\u6bd4\u4f8b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n | \n\n\u5355\u72ecDBU\u82c4\u57fa\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u76d0<\/td>\n | 78<\/td>\n | 12<\/td>\n | 15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n+ CTAB\uff080.1 eq\uff09<\/td>\n | 98<\/td>\n | 6<\/td>\n | <5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u539f\u56e0\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/strong> \nCTAB\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u5242\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u6c34-\u6709\u673a\u4e24\u76f8\u754c\u9762\u5f62\u6210\u80f6\u675f\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5c06\u53cd\u5e94\u5e95\u7269\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u754c\u9762\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86DBU\u82c4\u57fa\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u76d0\u5bf9\u5e95\u7269\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\ud83d\udca1\u5c0f\u8d34\u58eb\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u505aMichael\u52a0\u6210\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u8bd5\u8bd5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201cCTAB+DBU\u76d0\u201d\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u62f3\uff0c\u7701\u65f6\u53c8\u7701\u5fc3\uff01<\/p>\n \n2. Knoevenagel\u7f29\u5408\u4e2d\u7684PEG-400\u52a0\u6301<\/h4>\nKnoevenagel\u7f29\u5408\u662f\u6709\u673a\u5408\u6210\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684C-C\u952e\u6784\u5efa\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0cDBU\u82c4\u57fa\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u76d0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u78b1\u548c\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u8868\u73b0\u4f18\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u52a0\u5165PEG-400<\/strong>\uff08\u805a\u4e59\u4e8c\u9187400\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u66f4\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u697c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242<\/th>\n | \u8f6c\u5316\u7387 (%)<\/th>\n | \u53cd\u5e94\u6e29\u5ea6 (\u2103)<\/th>\n | \u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u70ed<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n | \n\n\u65e0\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242<\/td>\n | 65<\/td>\n | \u5ba4\u6e29<\/td>\n | \u5426<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n+ PEG-400\uff0810 wt%\uff09<\/td>\n | 95<\/td>\n | \u5ba4\u6e29<\/td>\n | \u5426<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u673a\u5236\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1a<\/strong> \nPEG-400\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6c22\u952e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u6db2\u6001\u8f7d\u4f53\u201d\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e95\u7269\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6eb6\u89e3\u548c\u6269\u6563\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u80fd\u8c03\u8282\u4f53\u7cfb\u7c98\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7fDBU\u76d0\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\ud83c\udf89\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5ba4\u6e29\u5c31\u80fd\u641e\u5b9a\uff0c\u7eff\u8272\u73af\u4fdd\uff0c\u8c01\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\uff1f<\/p>\n \n3. \u916f\u4ea4\u6362\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684LiCl\u52a9\u653b<\/h4>\n\u5728\u916f\u4ea4\u6362\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u800cDBU\u82c4\u57fa\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u76d0\u4e0eLiCl<\/strong>\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6e29\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u916f\u4ea4\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242<\/th>\n | \u8f6c\u5316\u7387 (%)<\/th>\n | \u6e29\u5ea6 (\u2103)<\/th>\n | \u65f6\u95f4 (h)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n | \n\n\u65e0\u6dfb\u52a0<\/td>\n | 40<\/td>\n | 80<\/td>\n | 8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n+ LiCl\uff080.2 eq\uff09<\/td>\n | 92<\/td>\n | 60<\/td>\n | 4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u6548\uff1f<\/strong> \nLi\u207a\u79bb\u5b50\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u916f\u6c27\u914d\u4f4d\uff0c\u524a\u5f31\u916f\u952e\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u4eb2\u6838\u8bd5\u5242\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u8f6f\u5316\u201d\u4f5c\u7528\u8ba9DBU\u76d0\u5728\u66f4\u4f4e\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u4e5f\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
\n\n\n\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242<\/th>\n | \u8f6c\u5316\u7387 (%)<\/th>\n | \u6e29\u5ea6 (\u2103)<\/th>\n | \u65f6\u95f4 (h)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n | \n\n\u65e0\u6dfb\u52a0<\/td>\n | 40<\/td>\n | 80<\/td>\n | 8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n+ LiCl\uff080.2 eq\uff09<\/td>\n | 92<\/td>\n | 60<\/td>\n | 4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u6548\uff1f<\/strong> \nLi\u207a\u79bb\u5b50\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u916f\u6c27\u914d\u4f4d\uff0c\u524a\u5f31\u916f\u952e\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u4eb2\u6838\u8bd5\u5242\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u8f6f\u5316\u201d\u4f5c\u7528\u8ba9DBU\u76d0\u5728\u66f4\u4f4e\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u4e5f\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\ud83e\uddea\u6e29\u99a8\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u60f3\u8981\u8282\u80fd\u53c8\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u916f\u4ea4\u6362\uff1fLiCl\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u5e2e\u624b\uff01<\/p>\n \n\u4e94\u3001\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u903b\u8f91<\/h3>\n\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cDBU\u82c4\u57fa\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u76d0\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u52a9\u5242\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n 1. \u754c\u9762\u8c03\u63a7\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><\/h4>\n\u52a9\u5242\u5982CTAB\u3001Triton X-100\u7b49\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u754c\u9762\u5f20\u529b\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e24\u76f8\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97DBU\u76d0\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5c06\u5e95\u7269\u4ece\u6c34\u76f8\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6709\u673a\u76f8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n 2. \u5fae\u73af\u5883\u6784\u5efa<\/strong><\/h4>\nPEG\u3001\u79bb\u5b50\u6db2\u4f53\u7b49\u52a9\u5242\u53ef\u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u5fae\u53cd\u5e94\u5668\u201d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5fae\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6781\u6027\u3001\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u6c22\u952e\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n 3. \u79bb\u5b50\u8c03\u63a7\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/h4>\n\u50cfLiCl\u3001NaI\u8fd9\u7c7b\u91d1\u5c5e\u76d0\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u79bb\u5b50\u914d\u4f4d\u3001\u7535\u8377\u5c4f\u853d\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5e95\u7269\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u548cDBU\u76d0\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n 4. \u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4fc3\u8fdb<\/strong><\/h4>\n\u52a9\u5242\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5feb\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7f29\u77ed\u8bf1\u5bfc\u671f\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n \n\u516d\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u7eff\u8272\u5408\u6210\u4e2d\u7684\u5178\u8303<\/h3>\nDBU\u82c4\u57fa\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u76d0\u4e0e\u52a9\u5242\u7684\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5728\u7eff\u8272\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n \u6848\u4f8b\u4e00\uff1a\u6c34\u76f8\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0Aldol\u53cd\u5e94<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\u7ec4\u5206<\/th>\n | \u7528\u91cf<\/th>\n | \u8f6c\u5316\u7387<\/th>\n | ee\u503c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n | \n\nDBU\u76d0<\/td>\n | 5 mol%<\/td>\n | 85%<\/td>\n | 90%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n+ \u624b\u6027\u52a9\u5242\uff08\u5982BINOL\u884d\u751f\u7269\uff09<\/td>\n | 10 mol%<\/td>\n | 98%<\/td>\n | 96%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n+ Triton X-100<\/td>\n | 2 wt%<\/td>\n | 99%<\/td>\n | 97%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u5b8c\u5168\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u73af\u4fdd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ea7\u7387\u548c\u5bf9\u6620\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u7406\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n \ud83c\udf31\u7eff\u8272\u5316\u5b66\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0b\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\uff0cDBU\u76d0\u529f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6ca1\uff01<\/p>\n \n\u4e03\u3001\u4ea7\u54c1\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u6c47\u603b<\/h3>\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5927\u5bb6\u67e5\u9605\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u5e38\u89c1DBU\u82c4\u57fa\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u76d0\u53ca\u5176\u5178\u578b\u914d\u65b9\u53c2\u6570\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n \n\n\n\u53c2\u6570<\/th>\n | \u6570\u503c\u6216\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n | \n\n\u5316\u5b66\u540d<\/td>\n | 1,8-\u4e8c\u6c2e\u6742\u53cc\u73af[5.4.0]\u5341\u4e00\u78b3-7-\u70ef \u82c4\u57fa\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u76d0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nCAS\u53f7<\/td>\n | 123456-78-9\uff08\u793a\u4f8b\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n\u7eaf\u5ea6<\/td>\n | \u226598%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n\u5916\u89c2<\/td>\n | \u767d\u8272\u81f3\u7c7b\u767d\u8272\u7c89\u672b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n\u7194\u70b9<\/td>\n | 210\u2013220 \u2103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027<\/td>\n | \u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3001\u3001DMF\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n\u5b58\u50a8\u6761\u4ef6<\/td>\n | \u5e72\u71e5\u3001\u907f\u5149\u3001\u5e38\u6e29\u4fdd\u5b58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n\u63a8\u8350\u7528\u91cf<\/td>\n | 1\u201310 mol%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n\u5e38\u89c1\u52a9\u5242\u642d\u914d<\/td>\n | CTAB\u3001PEG-400\u3001LiCl\u3001\u5c3f\u7d20\u3001\u79bb\u5b50\u6db2\u4f53\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n\u516b\u3001\u7ed3\u8bed\uff1a\u5316\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u201c\u642d\u5b50\u54f2\u5b66\u201d<\/h3>\nDBU\u82c4\u57fa\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u76d0\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5584\u4e8e\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4ea4\u8fbe\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u4f18\u79c0\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u4f60\u7ed9\u5b83\u914d\u4e0a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u201c\u642d\u5b50\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u52a9\u5242\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u4f1a\u88ab\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6fc0\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n \u4eceMichael\u52a0\u6210\u5230Knoevenagel\u7f29\u5408\uff0c\u4ece\u916f\u4ea4\u6362\u5230\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u50ac\u5316\uff0cDBU\u76d0\u4e0e\u52a9\u5242\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u6b63\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6709\u673a\u5408\u6210\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n \u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d70\u5f97\u5feb\uff0c\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u8d70\u5f97\u8fdc\u3002\u201d\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u8bd5\u5242\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9ed8\u5951\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u79d1\u6280\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u5173\u952e\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n \n\u4e5d\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff08\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7ecf\u5178\u7814\u7a76\uff09<\/h3>\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8eDBU\u76d0\u4e0e\u52a9\u5242\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u4f9b\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/p>\n | | | | | | |